2 INSTALLATION ON THE UNIX PLATFORM
3 ---------------------------------
5 [Installation on Windows, OpenVMS and MacOS (before MacOS X) is described
6 in INSTALL.W32, INSTALL.VMS and INSTALL.MacOS.]
8 To install OpenSSL, you will need:
13 * a development environment in form of development libraries and C
15 * a supported Unix operating system
20 If you want to just get on with it, do:
27 [If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.]
29 This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is (for
30 historical reasons) /usr/local/ssl. If you want to install it anywhere else,
33 $ ./config --prefix=/usr/local --openssldir=/usr/local/openssl
39 There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize
42 --prefix=DIR Install in DIR/bin, DIR/lib, DIR/include/openssl.
43 Configuration files used by OpenSSL will be in DIR/ssl
44 or the directory specified by --openssldir.
46 --openssldir=DIR Directory for OpenSSL files. If no prefix is specified,
47 the library files and binaries are also installed there.
49 no-threads Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded
52 threads Build with support for multi-threaded applications.
53 This will usually require additional system-dependent options!
54 See "Note on multi-threading" below.
56 no-shared Don't try to create shared libraries.
58 shared In addition to the usual static libraries, create shared
59 libraries on platforms where it's supported. See "Note on
60 shared libraries" below.
62 no-asm Do not use assembler code.
64 386 Use the 80386 instruction set only (the default x86 code is
65 more efficient, but requires at least a 486).
67 no-<cipher> Build without the specified cipher (bf, cast, des, dh, dsa,
68 hmac, md2, md5, mdc2, rc2, rc4, rc5, rsa, sha).
69 The crypto/<cipher> directory can be removed after running
72 -Dxxx, -lxxx, -Lxxx, -fxxx, -Kxxx These system specific options will
73 be passed through to the compiler to allow you to
74 define preprocessor symbols, specify additional libraries,
75 library directories or other compiler options.
78 Installation in Detail
79 ----------------------
81 1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically:
85 This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and
86 configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see
87 if it guessed correctly. If you want to use a different compiler, you
88 are cross-compiling for another platform, or the ./config guess was
89 wrong for other reasons, go to step 1b. Otherwise go to step 2.
91 On some systems, you can include debugging information as follows:
93 $ ./config -d [options]
95 1b. Configure OpenSSL for your operating system manually
97 OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and
98 compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run
102 Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most
103 operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc". When
104 you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name
105 as the argument to ./Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would
108 $ ./Configure linux-elf [options]
110 If your system is not available, you will have to edit the Configure
111 program and add the correct configuration for your system. The
112 generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit
115 Configure creates the file Makefile.ssl from Makefile.org and
116 defines various macros in crypto/opensslconf.h (generated from
117 crypto/opensslconf.h.in).
119 2. Build OpenSSL by running:
123 This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a) and the
124 OpenSSL binary ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level
125 directory, and the binary will be in the "apps" directory.
127 If "make" fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for
128 the failure that aren't problems in OpenSSL itself (like missing
129 standard headers). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, please
130 report the problem to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org> (note that your
131 message will be forwarded to a public mailing list). Include the
132 output of "make report" in your message.
134 [If you encounter assembler error messages, try the "no-asm"
135 configuration option as an immediate fix.]
137 Compiling parts of OpenSSL with gcc and others with the system
138 compiler will result in unresolved symbols on some systems.
140 3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run:
144 If a test fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for
145 the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a missing
146 or malfunctioning bc). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself,
147 try removing any compiler optimization flags from the CFLAGS line
148 in Makefile.ssl and run "make clean; make". Please send a bug
149 report to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org>, including the output of
152 4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with
156 This will create the installation directory (if it does not exist) and
157 then the following subdirectories:
159 certs Initially empty, this is the default location
160 for certificate files.
161 man/man1 Manual pages for the 'openssl' command line tool
162 man/man3 Manual pages for the libraries (very incomplete)
163 misc Various scripts.
164 private Initially empty, this is the default location
165 for private key files.
167 If you didn't choose a different installation prefix, the
168 following additional subdirectories will be created:
170 bin Contains the openssl binary and a few other
172 include/openssl Contains the header files needed if you want to
173 compile programs with libcrypto or libssl.
174 lib Contains the OpenSSL library files themselves.
176 Package builders who want to configure the library for standard
177 locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that
178 it can easily be packaged, can use
180 $ make INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/package-root install
182 (or specify "--install_prefix=/tmp/package-root" as a configure
183 option). The specified prefix will be prepended to all
184 installation target filenames.
187 NOTE: The header files used to reside directly in the include
188 directory, but have now been moved to include/openssl so that
189 OpenSSL can co-exist with other libraries which use some of the
190 same filenames. This means that applications that use OpenSSL
191 should now use C preprocessor directives of the form
193 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
195 instead of "#include <ssl.h>", which was used with library versions
196 up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b.
198 If you install a new version of OpenSSL over an old library version,
199 you should delete the old header files in the include directory.
201 Compatibility issues:
203 * COMPILING existing applications
205 To compile an application that uses old filenames -- e.g.
206 "#include <ssl.h>" --, it will usually be enough to find
207 the CFLAGS definition in the application's Makefile and
208 add a C option such as
210 -I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl
214 But don't delete the existing -I option that points to
215 the ..../include directory! Otherwise, OpenSSL header files
216 could not #include each other.
218 * WRITING applications
220 To write an application that is able to handle both the new
221 and the old directory layout, so that it can still be compiled
222 with library versions up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b without bothering
223 the user, you can proceed as follows:
225 - Always use the new filename of OpenSSL header files,
226 e.g. #include <openssl/ssl.h>.
228 - Create a directory "incl" that contains only a symbolic
229 link named "openssl", which points to the "include" directory
231 For example, your application's Makefile might contain the
232 following rule, if OPENSSLDIR is a pathname (absolute or
233 relative) of the directory where OpenSSL resides:
237 cd $(OPENSSLDIR) # Check whether the directory really exists
238 -ln -s `cd $(OPENSSLDIR); pwd`/include incl/openssl
240 You will have to add "incl/openssl" to the dependencies
241 of those C files that include some OpenSSL header file.
243 - Add "-Iincl" to your CFLAGS.
245 With these additions, the OpenSSL header files will be available
246 under both name variants if an old library version is used:
247 Your application can reach them under names like <openssl/foo.h>,
248 while the header files still are able to #include each other
249 with names of the form <foo.h>.
252 Note on multi-threading
253 -----------------------
255 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what compiler options
256 are needed to generate a library that is suitable for multi-threaded
257 applications. On these systems, support for multi-threading is enabled
258 by default; use the "no-threads" option to disable (this should never be
261 On other systems, to enable support for multi-threading, you will have
262 to specify at least two options: "threads", and a system-dependent option.
263 (The latter is "-D_REENTRANT" on various systems.) The default in this
264 case, obviously, is not to include support for multi-threading (but
265 you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message
266 from the Configure script.)
269 Note on shared libraries
270 ------------------------
272 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what is needed to
273 build shared libraries for libcrypto and libssl. On these systems,
274 the shared libraries are currently not created by default, but giving
275 the option "shared" will get them created. This method supports Makefile
276 targets for shared library creation, like linux-shared. Those targets
277 can currently be used on their own just as well, but this is expected
278 to change in future versions of OpenSSL.