2 INSTALLATION ON THE UNIX PLATFORM
3 ---------------------------------
5 [Installation on DOS (with djgpp), Windows, OpenVMS and MacOS (before MacOS X)
6 is described in INSTALL.DJGPP, INSTALL.W32, INSTALL.VMS and INSTALL.MacOS.
7 This document describes installation on operating systems in the Unix
10 To install OpenSSL, you will need:
15 * a development environment in form of development libraries and C
17 * a supported Unix operating system
22 If you want to just get on with it, do:
29 [If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.]
31 This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is (for
32 historical reasons) /usr/local/ssl. If you want to install it anywhere else,
35 $ ./config --prefix=/usr/local --openssldir=/usr/local/openssl
41 There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize
44 --prefix=DIR Install in DIR/bin, DIR/lib, DIR/include/openssl.
45 Configuration files used by OpenSSL will be in DIR/ssl
46 or the directory specified by --openssldir.
48 --openssldir=DIR Directory for OpenSSL files. If no prefix is specified,
49 the library files and binaries are also installed there.
51 no-threads Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded
54 threads Build with support for multi-threaded applications.
55 This will usually require additional system-dependent options!
56 See "Note on multi-threading" below.
58 no-zlib Don't try to build with support for zlib compression and
61 zlib Build with support for zlib compression/decompression.
63 zlib-dynamic Like "zlib", but has OpenSSL load the zlib library dynamically
64 when needed. This is only supported on systems where loading
65 of shared libraries is supported. This is the default choice.
67 no-shared Don't try to create shared libraries.
69 shared In addition to the usual static libraries, create shared
70 libraries on platforms where it's supported. See "Note on
71 shared libraries" below.
73 no-asm Do not use assembler code.
75 386 Use the 80386 instruction set only (the default x86 code is
76 more efficient, but requires at least a 486).
78 no-<cipher> Build without the specified cipher (bf, cast, des, dh, dsa,
79 hmac, md2, md5, mdc2, rc2, rc4, rc5, rsa, sha).
80 The crypto/<cipher> directory can be removed after running
83 -Dxxx, -lxxx, -Lxxx, -fxxx, -Kxxx These system specific options will
84 be passed through to the compiler to allow you to
85 define preprocessor symbols, specify additional libraries,
86 library directories or other compiler options.
89 Installation in Detail
90 ----------------------
92 1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically:
96 This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and
97 configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see
98 if it guessed correctly. If you want to use a different compiler, you
99 are cross-compiling for another platform, or the ./config guess was
100 wrong for other reasons, go to step 1b. Otherwise go to step 2.
102 On some systems, you can include debugging information as follows:
104 $ ./config -d [options]
106 1b. Configure OpenSSL for your operating system manually
108 OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and
109 compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run
113 Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most
114 operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc". When
115 you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name
116 as the argument to ./Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would
119 $ ./Configure linux-elf [options]
121 If your system is not available, you will have to edit the Configure
122 program and add the correct configuration for your system. The
123 generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit
126 Configure creates the file Makefile.ssl from Makefile.org and
127 defines various macros in crypto/opensslconf.h (generated from
128 crypto/opensslconf.h.in).
130 2. Build OpenSSL by running:
134 This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a) and the
135 OpenSSL binary ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level
136 directory, and the binary will be in the "apps" directory.
138 If "make" fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for
139 the failure that aren't problems in OpenSSL itself (like missing
140 standard headers). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, please
141 report the problem to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org> (note that your
142 message will be recorded in the request tracker publicly readable
143 via http://www.openssl.org/support/rt2.html and will be forwarded to a
144 public mailing list). Include the output of "make report" in your message.
145 Please check out the request tracker. Maybe the bug was already
146 reported or has already been fixed.
148 [If you encounter assembler error messages, try the "no-asm"
149 configuration option as an immediate fix.]
151 Compiling parts of OpenSSL with gcc and others with the system
152 compiler will result in unresolved symbols on some systems.
154 3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run:
158 If a test fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for
159 the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a missing
160 or malfunctioning bc). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself,
161 try removing any compiler optimization flags from the CFLAG line
162 in Makefile.ssl and run "make clean; make". Please send a bug
163 report to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org>, including the output of
164 "make report" in order to be added to the request tracker at
165 http://www.openssl.org/support/rt2.html.
167 4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with
171 This will create the installation directory (if it does not exist) and
172 then the following subdirectories:
174 certs Initially empty, this is the default location
175 for certificate files.
176 man/man1 Manual pages for the 'openssl' command line tool
177 man/man3 Manual pages for the libraries (very incomplete)
178 misc Various scripts.
179 private Initially empty, this is the default location
180 for private key files.
182 If you didn't choose a different installation prefix, the
183 following additional subdirectories will be created:
185 bin Contains the openssl binary and a few other
187 include/openssl Contains the header files needed if you want to
188 compile programs with libcrypto or libssl.
189 lib Contains the OpenSSL library files themselves.
191 Package builders who want to configure the library for standard
192 locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that
193 it can easily be packaged, can use
195 $ make INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/package-root install
197 (or specify "--install_prefix=/tmp/package-root" as a configure
198 option). The specified prefix will be prepended to all
199 installation target filenames.
202 NOTE: The header files used to reside directly in the include
203 directory, but have now been moved to include/openssl so that
204 OpenSSL can co-exist with other libraries which use some of the
205 same filenames. This means that applications that use OpenSSL
206 should now use C preprocessor directives of the form
208 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
210 instead of "#include <ssl.h>", which was used with library versions
211 up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b.
213 If you install a new version of OpenSSL over an old library version,
214 you should delete the old header files in the include directory.
216 Compatibility issues:
218 * COMPILING existing applications
220 To compile an application that uses old filenames -- e.g.
221 "#include <ssl.h>" --, it will usually be enough to find
222 the CFLAGS definition in the application's Makefile and
223 add a C option such as
225 -I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl
229 But don't delete the existing -I option that points to
230 the ..../include directory! Otherwise, OpenSSL header files
231 could not #include each other.
233 * WRITING applications
235 To write an application that is able to handle both the new
236 and the old directory layout, so that it can still be compiled
237 with library versions up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b without bothering
238 the user, you can proceed as follows:
240 - Always use the new filename of OpenSSL header files,
241 e.g. #include <openssl/ssl.h>.
243 - Create a directory "incl" that contains only a symbolic
244 link named "openssl", which points to the "include" directory
246 For example, your application's Makefile might contain the
247 following rule, if OPENSSLDIR is a pathname (absolute or
248 relative) of the directory where OpenSSL resides:
252 cd $(OPENSSLDIR) # Check whether the directory really exists
253 -ln -s `cd $(OPENSSLDIR); pwd`/include incl/openssl
255 You will have to add "incl/openssl" to the dependencies
256 of those C files that include some OpenSSL header file.
258 - Add "-Iincl" to your CFLAGS.
260 With these additions, the OpenSSL header files will be available
261 under both name variants if an old library version is used:
262 Your application can reach them under names like <openssl/foo.h>,
263 while the header files still are able to #include each other
264 with names of the form <foo.h>.
267 Note on multi-threading
268 -----------------------
270 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what compiler options
271 are needed to generate a library that is suitable for multi-threaded
272 applications. On these systems, support for multi-threading is enabled
273 by default; use the "no-threads" option to disable (this should never be
276 On other systems, to enable support for multi-threading, you will have
277 to specify at least two options: "threads", and a system-dependent option.
278 (The latter is "-D_REENTRANT" on various systems.) The default in this
279 case, obviously, is not to include support for multi-threading (but
280 you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message
281 from the Configure script.)
284 Note on shared libraries
285 ------------------------
287 Shared library is currently an experimental feature. The only reason to
288 have them would be to conserve memory on systems where several program
289 are using OpenSSL. Binary backward compatibility can't be guaranteed
290 before OpenSSL version 1.0.
292 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what is needed to
293 build shared libraries for libcrypto and libssl. On these systems,
294 the shared libraries are currently not created by default, but giving
295 the option "shared" will get them created. This method supports Makefile
296 targets for shared library creation, like linux-shared. Those targets
297 can currently be used on their own just as well, but this is expected
298 to change in future versions of OpenSSL.
300 Note on random number generation
301 --------------------------------
303 Availability of cryptographically secure random numbers is required for
304 secret key generation. OpenSSL provides several options to seed the
305 internal PRNG. If not properly seeded, the internal PRNG will refuse
306 to deliver random bytes and a "PRNG not seeded error" will occur.
307 On systems without /dev/urandom (or similar) device, it may be necessary
308 to install additional support software to obtain random seed.
309 Please check out the manual pages for RAND_add(), RAND_bytes(), RAND_egd(),
310 and the FAQ for more information.
312 Note on support for multiple builds
313 -----------------------------------
315 OpenSSL is usually built in it's source tree. Unfortunately, this doesn't
316 support building for multiple platforms from the same source tree very well.
317 It is however possible to build in a separate tree through the use of lots
318 of symbolic links, which should be prepared like this:
320 mkdir -p objtree/"`uname -s`-`uname -r`-`uname -m`"
321 cd objtree/"`uname -s`-`uname -r`-`uname -m`"
322 (cd $OPENSSL_SOURCE; find . -type f) | while read F; do
323 mkdir -p `dirname $F`
324 rm -f $F; ln -s $OPENSSL_SOURCE/$F $F
325 echo $F '->' $OPENSSL_SOURCE/$F
327 make -f Makefile.org clean
329 OPENSSL_SOURCE is an environment variable that contains the absolute (this
330 is important!) path to the OpenSSL source tree.
332 Also, operations like 'make update' should still be made in the source tree.