2 * Busybox now includes a shell! It currently costs 7.5 k (plus an
3 additional 2.5 k if you compile in command line editing). Handles
4 job control, has the usual set of builtins, and does everything
5 except for handling programming statements (if, while, etc...)
6 * Busybox can now work perfectly when /proc is disabled, thereby
7 saving a bunch of memory (kernel /proc support is not thin). This
8 is done by making use of some nice kernel patches I wrote up to
9 support the features that busybox requires and that /proc usually
10 provides. To enable this, turn on BB_FEATURE_USE_DEVPS_PATCH and
11 patch your kernel with the devps patch in the kernel-patches/
13 * Wrote basename, dirname, killall, and uptime.
14 * tar has been completely rewritten by me. Both tar creation and
15 extraction are now well behaved. Costs 7.6k with all optional
16 tar features enabled, and 5k for just tar extraction support.
17 * Added freeramdisk, which will free up all memory associated
18 with a ram disk. Contributed by Emanuele Caratti <wiz@iol.it>
19 and then adjusted a bit by me.
20 * Added tr from John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
21 * Added echo and test (from me).
22 * Added usleep contributed by Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org>
23 * Several fixes from Pavel Roskin <pavel_roskin@geocities.com>:
24 - When `tail' fails to open a file it now exits.
25 - When `syslogd' is given the `-n' option it should still use
26 fork() for running klogd.
27 * nslookup types are now changed to u_int32_t (instead of uint32_t)
28 changed per a patch from Pascal Bellard <pascal.bellard@ascend.com>
29 * Fixed "du" so it gives the same answers as GNU "du" (busybox du used
30 to count hard-linked files more then once). Many thanks to
31 Friedrich Vedder <fwv@myrtle.lahn.de> for the fix.
32 * Removed /proc dependancies for init and free (while maintaining
33 exactly the same functionality). /proc takes up 90k of kernel
34 space, so it is nice to avoid using it at all costs.
35 * init no longer tries to mount /proc (unless there is less the 1 meg
36 free). Use of /proc (or not) is policy that should be set up in
37 /etc/fstab (or in hardcoded scripts), not in init.
38 * Fixed rebooting when init runs as an initrd.
39 * Fixes and updates from Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
40 - update.c rewritten to look more like update-2.11
41 - moveed the inode hash out of du.c and into utility.c to make
42 it a common resource that can be used by other apps.
43 - cp_mv.c now checks inodes to see if a source and dest are
44 the same, and prints an error (instead of endlessly looping).
45 - mv now attempts to do a rename, and will fall back to doing
46 a copy only if the rename fails.
47 - Syslogd now supports multiple concurrent connections
48 * Several fixes from Pavel Roskin <pavel_roskin@geocities.com>:
49 - Fixes to sort. Removed "-g", fixed and added "-r"
50 - Fixes to the makefile for handling "strip"
51 * An initial telnet implementation was added by
52 Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>.
53 * Fixed a bug where "sed 's/foo/bar/g'" (i.e. a script w/o a "-e")
54 * ps now supports BB_FEATURE_AUTOWIDTH, and can adjust its width
55 to match the terminal (defaults to width=79 when this is off).
56 * Fixed mount'ing loop devices when the filesystem type was not
57 specified. It used to revert to non-loop after the first try.
58 * all mallocs now use xmalloc (and so are OOM error safe), and
59 the common error handling saves a few bytes. Thanks to
60 Bob Tinsley <bob@earthrise.demon.co.uk> for the patch.
61 * Fix "+" parsing bug in date, from "Merle F. McClelland" <mfm@cts.com>.
62 * BusyBox's bss size has been majorly reduced (was 384668, is now 28740).
70 * Fairly massive restructuring of umount.c to deal with remounting
71 busy devices read-only. Adds a -r option to control that; it is
72 optionally compiled in with BB_FEATURE_REMOUNT
73 * Added a bunch of functions to mtab.c to interact with the
74 {get,set,end}mntent interface; as it turns out, those functions do
75 not appear to be re-entrant, and that causes a lot of problems with
76 the way umount was originally written.
77 * Makes init send TERM and KILL (instead of HUP and KILL) on reboot
78 to be more consistent with sysvinit
79 * Changes to init.c to use the new -r option to umount. Also increased
80 the sleep time between the time the TERM and KILL signals are sent
85 * cp.c, mv.c: removed, replaced by cp_mv.c which has been
86 extensively rewritten from the original cp.c.
87 * Fixed cp and mv so if the source and destination are a the
88 same directory it will print an error and continue.
89 * Also added a warning message to the `mv' usage string saying that
90 this is not GNU mv, and it will break hard links. cp also breaks
92 * ln.c: implemented `-n' switch, no-deref symlinks.
93 * include<sys/param.h>: and use PATH_MAX everywhere. busybox: File
94 * name buffer overrun guards to prevent future crashes.
95 - Always check exit status.
96 - Purge all use of `creat()', replace with `open()'.
98 - recursiveAction was overriding the value of followLinks thus
100 - isDirectory now takes a followLinks boolean, updated all callers
101 - copyFile had the followLinks logic reversed.
102 * messages.c: New file. Put common error message strings all in
103 one place in an attempt to shrink the binary a little.
108 * changed fsck_minix.c to reduce its .bss size significantly
110 * Made tar creation support in busybox tar optional. You no longer
111 * _have_ to put a "-" in front of tar options. Tar could inadvertently
112 * change permissions and ownership on
113 certain directories pointed to by symlinks.
114 * Made grep and grep -h do the right thing wrt printing
115 the file name (it failed to print files names in many cases).
116 * Fix a namespace aliasing problem wereby if du was built in, the
117 symlink for both du and dutmp would be installed, or then rm was
118 built in, the symlinks for both rm and rmmod would be installed.
119 * Added a closelog() to init.c after loging -- fix thanks to
120 Taketoshi Sano <kgh12351@nifty.ne.jp>
121 * Rewrote and simplified logger. Added the "-t" option, and made it
122 behave itself a bit better.
123 * Optional support contributed by Ben Collins <bcollins@debian.org>
124 for the kernel init chroot patch by Werner Almesberger, which
125 allows init to chroot to a new device, and umount the old one.
126 * Fixed bug that wouldn't let one chown a symlink -- it would
127 always dereference before. -beppu
128 * Fixed a bug where init could have reference already freed memory.
129 Found and fixed by Taketoshi Sano <kgh12351@nifty.ne.jp>
130 * Several contributions from Friedrich Vedder <fwv@myrtle.lahn.de>
131 * Added (and documented) "-n" option for head
132 * Cleanup for a number of usage messages -- also
133 contributed Friedrich Vedder <fwv@myrtle.lahn.de>
134 * Cosmetic fix to busybox.c (Don't print a comma at the
135 end of line if there are no more application names).
136 * Fixed a stupid bug in "head" option handling ("head -n"
138 * Moved commonly used functions "xmalloc()" and "exit()"
139 to utility.c (with proper #ifdef's).
140 * Created a tiny tail implementation, removing -c, -q, -v, and making
141 tail -f work only with a single file. This reduced tail from 6k to
142 2.4k. The bigger/more featured tail can still be had by disabling
143 BB_FEATURE_SIMPLE_TAIL in busybox.defs.h
144 * Ping now falls back to doing the right thing if /etc/protocols
146 * Fixed mount and umount. Previously they could leak loop device
147 allocations, causing the system to quickly run out. Fix for umount
148 by Ben Collins <bcollins@debian.org>, and mount was fixed by me.
149 * ls formatting on eight charactor user names fixed by
150 Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>.
151 * cp could, when copying symlinks, change permissions of the
152 files pointed to by the symlinks.
153 * Several fixes from Pavel Roskin <pavel_roskin@geocities.com>:
154 - `chown' with 1 argument displayed the error incorrectly
155 - `fdflush', `length' and `printf' crashed if run without arguments
156 - `fdflush' tried to flush itself using *argv
157 - added "skip" and "seek" to dd.
158 - ls no longer messus up output when combining files and
159 directories on the command line
160 * swapoff -a was not working. Now it is.
161 * init did not cleanly unmount filesystems on reboot. Now it does.
162 * "sed -ne s/foo/bar/" worked but "sed -n -e s/foo/bar/" didn't.
164 * Some architectures (PowerPc) assume chars are unsigned, so they could
165 not distinguish between EOF and '\0xFF' in sed. Sed now uses ints.
166 * Began converting error handling to use some common routines
168 * syslogd now has better message handling and ignores SIGHUP.
169 * install.sh had a bug preventing installation to the specified
170 target directory. Fix from Gilbert Coville <gilbert@mvista.com>
171 * You can now spefify alternative strip commands -- change
172 also from Gilbert Coville.
178 * New Apps: wc, hostid, logname, tty, whoami, yes -- all contributed
179 by Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>
180 * Fixed a bug in both cp and mv preventing 'cp foo/README bar'
181 type commands (file in a directory to another directory) from
183 * Fixed a logger bug that caused garbage to be written to the syslog
184 (unless you used busybox syslog, which hid the bug). Thanks to
185 Alex Holden <alex@linuxhacker.org> for the fix.
186 * /bin/true and /bin/false were echoing a blank line when run.
188 * mkdir -p would print an error when asked to mkdir an existing dir
189 with no interveining subdirectories.
190 * Fixed "syslogd -O" so that it works. Added -o loop option for mount,
191 * and support in umount for loop
192 devices. Support is toggled by MOUNT_LOOP feature -- Ben Collins
193 <bcollins@debian.org>
194 * Several fixes from Marco Pantaleoni <panta@prosa.it> compile in
195 * fullWrite() not only if BB_TAR is defined, but also
196 if BB_CP or BB_MV are (fullWrite() is referenced by copyFile())
197 * add some compiler optimizations to further reduce executable size
198 (as a side note, on my machines the largest code is generated
199 by gcc 2.95.2 with -Os ! The smallest by plain gcc 2.7.2.3 with
201 * Compile now won't fail if busybox.def.h defines
202 BB_FEATURE_LINUXRC but not BB_INIT. (init_main used to be
203 referenced, but not compiled)
204 * Fixed a bug in setting TERM for serial console support. TERM now
205 defaults to "ansi" for serial consoles.
206 * Fixed a bug in handling the CONSOLE env. variable for serial
209 -Erik Andersen, Jan 15, 2000
212 * New Apps: sort, uniq. -beppu New Apps: lsmod, rmmod -erik New Apps:
213 * fbset contributed by Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>. New App::
214 * loadacm contributed by Peter Novodvorsky <petya@logic.ru>
215 for loading application character maps for Unicode fonts.
216 * Major init re-work. init now supports inittab (slightly different
217 but similar to sysvinit), allowing me to get all the policy out of
218 init and into the conf file. It works just fine without inittab
219 being present, but if you dont like the defautl behavior you can
220 now do something about it. Init is much cleaner as a result.
221 * Fixed an bug in syslogd causing it to stop after 20 minutes. -erik
222 * Fixed an embarrasing segfault in head -beppu Fixed the embarrasing
223 * failure of 'logger -p'. -erik Added the -s option to du -beppu
224 * Re-worked the source tree a bit so it will compile under glibc 2.0.7
225 with the 2.0.x Linux kernel.
226 * Added 'grep -q' thanks to a patch from "Konstantin Boldyshev"
228 * Grep -i previously failed on UPPER CASE patterns due to a silly
229 regexp implementation bug that is now fixed.
230 * Fixed a bug where tar would set, and then clear SGID and SUID bits.
231 * Fixed a bug where tar would not set the user and group on device
233 * Fixed a bug where tar would not restore the time to files. Fixed a
234 * major security problem with tar -- it changed ownership
235 of any file pointed to by a symlink to 777 (like say libc....)
237 * cp and mv were very broken when moving directories. I have rewritten
238 them so they should now work as expected.
239 * sed now supports addresses (numeric or regexp, with negation) and
240 has an append command, thanks to Marco Pantaleoni <panta@prosa.it>
241 * Fixed dmesg. It wasn't parsing its options (-n or -s) properly.
242 * Some cosmetic fixes to ls output formatting to make it behave more
244 * Fixed a stupid segfault in kill. Several fixes from Friedrich Vedder
245 * <fwv@myrtle.lahn.de>:
246 - Added gunzip -t, removed gunzip.c dead code,
247 - fixed several typos
248 - Glibc 2.0.7 and libc5 compile fixes
249 * Fixed a bug where 'mknod --help' would segfault.
252 -Erik Andersen, Jan 07, 2000
255 * New Apps: ping, hostname, and mkfifo contributed by Randolph Chung
256 <tausq@debian.org>. 3 items off the TODO list!
257 * I wrote free (just calls "cat /proc/meminfo"). Added tail, based on
258 * tail from GNU textutils-1.19, but adjusted
259 to suit my evil purposes. Costs 6k. I'll make it smaller
261 * on reboot, init called 'umount -a -n', which caused errors
262 when BB_MTAB was not enabled. Changed to 'umount -a', which does
264 * init will now try to run /sbin/getty if it is present (for easy
265 integration with the about-to-be-released tinylogin.)
266 * kill now behaves itself properly, added 'kill -l' to list signals 'ls
267 * -l' was failing on long directories, since my_getid was leaking
268 one file descriptor per file. Oops.
269 * Fixed rebooting from init. I'd accidently left some debugging code
271 which blocked reboots.
272 * Fixed reboot, halt (and added poweroff) such that they handle it when
273 init is not at PID 1 (like when running in an initrd).
274 * Added a prelinary du implementation. Some parameter parsing
275 stuff still needs to be added. -beppu (John Beppu
277 * Implemented tee. -beppu Implemented head. -beppu
279 -Erik Andersen, Dec 10, 1999
282 * Fixed a segfault in 'umount -a' when a badly formed /etc/fstab
284 * df will not exit on error, but will stat all mounted filesystems.
285 * Fixed tar so uid/gid/permissions on extracted tarballs will be
287 * Fixed find -name so it properly uses shell wildcard patterns
288 (i.e. `*', `?', and `[]') instead of regular expressions, which
289 was causing some confusing and unexpected behavior.
290 * Added klogd to syslogd, so now the log will contain both system and
292 * syslogd now creates the /dev/log socket to make sure it is there, and
293 is actually a socket with the right permissions.
294 * I've taken a first step to making busybox not need the /proc
295 filesystem. Most apps don't need it. Those that _require_ it,
296 will complain if you enable them when you disable
297 BB_FEATURE_USE_PROCFS.
299 -Erik Andersen, Dec 5, 1999
302 * Wrote a micro syslogd, and a logger util (to log things to the syslog
303 from the command line or scripts) With both compiled in, costs 4k.
304 * Fixed 'make install' so symlinks are installed in their proper
305 * locations. Changed the build system slightly so that features can
307 or disabled from the busybox.defs.h header file, without trying to
308 compile in a source file named after that featue (unless that file
310 * Several options are now moved into busybox.defs.h Now 'rm -R' and 'rm
311 * -r' both work. dd now properly handles input beyond 1 block from
312 * stdin. Fixed a bug where tar unpacked everything a directories.
314 from createPath into mkdir where it belonged, thereby making tar
316 * Fixed an off-by-one bug in cat. Given a list of file it wouldn't cat
318 last file in the list.
319 * Fixed 'ls -ln' so numeric group/uid are presented properly, and fixed
321 so when uid/gid is not in /etc/{passwd,group} the numeric group/uid
322 are presented properly.
326 -Erik Andersen, Nov 25, 1999
329 * fixed dd so it properly defaults to stdin and stdout when no
330 if= and of= are set (fix thanks to Eric Delaunay).
331 * Don't try to close the file descriptor of a pipein tar. (fix also
334 * Made createPath be quiet (again thanks to Eric Delaunay). If
335 * BB_CONSOLE_CMD_IF_RC_SCRIPT_EXITS is defined, then whatever
336 command you define it as will be run if the init script exits.
337 * Updated install.sh to make it more robust (thanks to Adam Di Carlo)
338 * NFS support added to mount by Eric Delaunay. It costs 10k when
340 in, but that is still a big win for those that use NFS.
341 * Made 'rm -f' be silent for non-existant files (thanks to Eric
342 * Delaunay). changed zcat.c to gunzip.c. It now obeys the principle
344 and acts as god intended gunzip and zcat to act. They answer
345 --help and obey the '-c' flag.
346 * Fixed a bug in mv which caused it to not move files when the
349 * Fixed a decimal-instead-of-octal bug causing mkdir to make
351 with very wrong permissions.
352 * chmod would overwrite file permissions instead of modifying them.
353 Now it properly modifies permissions.
354 * Init now sends warnings destined for the console to /dev/console to
356 they show up on whatever the active console it. Otherwise
357 important messages (for example that the system is rebooting) were
358 not seen when switched to a different VT.
360 -Erik Andersen, Nov 17, 1999
363 * gzip now obeys the principle of least surprise and acts like god
365 (i.e. it accepts a file name, answers --help, and obeys the '-c'
366 flag and only then outputs to stdout).
367 * Fixed more.c to compile autowidth on sparc and set initial winsize
368 to 0,0 in case the TIOCGWINSZ ioctl fails. Fix thanks to Eric
370 * Fixed tar so it now works as expected (it had TRUE/FALSE backwards)
371 * tar now accepts --help chmod, chown, and chgrp usage now works
372 * General usage (i.e. --help) cleanups for most apps umount now parses
373 * options correctly tar can now unpack tarballs containing device
375 sockets, and fifos (though it can't pack them up) thanks to Matt
376 Porter. Creating archives containing these is still left to the
378 * fixed up the license in more.c to properly point to Bruce Perens.
380 -Erik Andersen, Nov 11, 1999
383 * ls -l now displays link names outside the current directory,
384 Patch thanks to Eric Delaunay
385 * init now properly handles sparc serial consoles and does a
386 better job of finding the real console device rather than using
387 /dev/console which doesn't support job control. Patch also thanks
389 * more started to read from stdin after the last file was finished, and
390 options were not parsed correctly (fix thanks to Eric Delaunay).
391 * more will now use the terminal size if BB_FEATURE_AUTOWIDTH is on.
392 * rm wouldn't remove a symlink unless the symlink was valid. This was
393 a side effect of the busybox 0.32 recursiveAction() fix. Things
394 should now work correctly.
395 * grep wouldn't grep stdin. Now it does. sed wouldn't sed stdin. Now
396 * it does. sed was appending a \n to the end of lines with
398 Now it doesn't do that.
399 * ls -l now bypasses libc6 nss when displaying user/group names.
400 Now uses my_getpwuid and my_getgrgid.
402 -Erik Andersen, Nov 8, 1999
405 * Fixed a bug where init could hang instead of rebooting.
406 * Removed some debugging noise from init.c
407 * Fixed ln so it works now (it was very broken).
408 * Fixed df so it won't segfault when there is no /etc/fstab,
409 * If BB_MTAB is not defined, df and mount will whine if /etc/fstab
410 is not installed (since they cannot fixup "/dev/root" to
411 state the real root device name)
412 * merged some redundant code from mtab.c/df.c into utility.c
414 -Erik Andersen, Nov 5, 1999
417 * More changes -- many thanks to Lineo for paying me to work on
418 busybox. If you have any problems please let me know ASAP at
419 andersen@lineo.com or andersee@debian.org
420 * usage() now prints the BusyBox version. This will help folks
421 realize that they are not in Kansas anymore.
422 * Fixed mkdir -m option so that it works. kill segfaulted w/o any
423 * arguments. Now it doesn't do that. kill wasn't properly accepting
424 * signal names. It does now. Added new apps chvt and deallocvt (I
425 * should probably add open) Major rewrite of init.c. Code is now
426 * readable by mere mortals IMHO. Wrote sed -- weighs only 1.8k (5.8k
427 * with full regular expressions!). Fixed a stupid seg-fault in sync
428 * Fixed mount -- mount -a failed to parse and apply mount options Fixed
429 * umount -n (patch thanks to Matthew Grant <grantma@anathoth.gen.nz>)
430 * umount -a no longer umounts /proc Added BB_MTAB, allowing (at the
431 * cost of ~1.5k and the need for a rw /etc)
432 folks to use a real /etc/mtab file instead of a symlink to
433 /proc/mounts. mount, and umount will add/remove entries and df
434 will now use /etc/mtab if BB_MTAB is defined.
435 * Fixed a nice bug in recursiveAction() which caused it to infinitely
436 hunt through /proc/../fd/* creating new file descriptors if it
437 followed the /dev/fd link over to /proc. recursiveAction() now
438 lstat's the file when followLinks==FALSE so it won't follow links
439 as the name suggests. Fix thanks to Matt Porter
443 -Erik Andersen, Nov 4, 1999
446 * I added a changelog for version 0.30. adjusted find internals to
447 * make it smaller, and removed
449 * Fixed a segfault in ps when /etc/passwd or /etc/group
450 are absent. Now will warn you and carry on.
451 * Added in optional _real_ regular expression support (to be
452 the basis for a future sed utility). When compiled in it adds
453 3.9k, but makes grep much more capable.
454 * Checked out using nftw(3) for recursive stuff, but unfortunatly
455 it wasn't supported before GNU libc 2.1, and some folks use glibc
456 2.0.7 since it is much smaller than that latest and greatest.
458 -Erik Andersen, Oct 21, 1999
461 Major changes -- lots of stuff rewritten. Many thanks to Lineo for
462 paying me to make these updates. If you have any problems with busybox,
463 or notice any bugs -- please let me know so I can fix it. These
467 * busybox can now invoke apps in two ways: via symlinks to the
468 busybox binary, and as 'busybox [function] [arguments]...'
469 * When invoked as busybox, the list of currently compiled in
470 functions is printed out (no this is not bloat -- the list has
471 to be there anyway to map invocation name to function).
472 * busybox no longer parses command lines for apps or displays their
473 usage info. Each app gets to handle (or not handle) this for
475 * Eliminated monadic, dyadic, descend, block_device, and
476 postprocess. It was cumbersome to have so many programs
477 cobbled together in this way. Without them, the app is much
479 * All shared code now lives in utility.c, and is properly
480 ifdef'ed to be only included for those apps requiring it.
481 * Eliminated struct FileInfo (the basis of monadic, dyadic, etc)
482 so now each app has the function prototype of (da-dum): extern
483 int foo_main(int argc, char** argv); which speeds integration
485 * Adjusted the Makefile to make it easier to
486 {en|dis}able debugging.
487 * Changed default compiler optimization to -Os
488 (optimize for smaller binaries).
491 * To cope with the new app function prototype and the removal of
492 monadic, dyadic, etc, the following apps were re-written:
493 * cat - Works same as always. chgrp, chmod, chown -
494 * rewrite. Combined into a single
495 source file. Absorbed patches from Enrique Zanardi
496 <ezanard@debian.org> that removes the dependency on
497 libc6 libnss* libraries.
498 * cp - Can now do 'cp -a' can can copy devices,
499 pipes, symlinks, as well as recursive or non-recursive
501 * fdflush - adjusted to remove dependancy on struct
502 * FileInfo. find - Now includes some basic regexp matching
503 which will be the basic of a future mini-sed.
504 * ln - Same functionality. mkdir - Added -p flag to
505 * feature set. mv - rewrite. rm - Added -f flag to
506 * feature set. rmdir - Same functionality. swapon,
507 * swapoff - Combined into a single binary. No longer
508 uses /etc/swaps. swap{on|off} -a uses /etc/fstab
510 * touch - Same functionality. date - adjusted with a patch
511 * from Matthew Grant <grantma@anathoth.gen.nz>
512 to accomodate glibc timezone support. I then ripped out GNU
514 * mkswap -- new version merged from util-linux. Can now make
516 * Replaced the old and star, unstar, and tarcat with the tar
517 implementation from sash. Now tar behaves as god intended it
518 to (i.e. tar -xvf <file> and tar -cf <file> <dir> work).
519 * dd -- rewritten. Can with with files, stdin, stdout. Added the
520 * following new apps: loadfont -- added from debian boot floppies
521 * chroot -- added based on a patch from Paolo Molaro
522 * <lupus@lettere.unipd.it> grep -- I just wrote it. Only matches
523 * simple strings ps -- I just wrote it. Has _no_ options at all,
524 * but works. fsck_minix, mkfs_minix -- added from util-linux, but
526 internationalization and such to make them smaller.
527 * sfdisk -- Added from util-linux (minus
528 * internationalization and such). Probably some other
529 * changes that I forgot to document...
531 -Erik Andersen, Oct 20, 1999
534 This version was a messy pre-alpha. stay away or it will bite you.
535 -Erik Andersen, Sep 24, 1999
538 mini-netcat (mnc) rewritten.
541 Mount now supports -a, and -t auto.
542 Mount now updates mtab correctly for 'ro'.
543 More checks screen rows size, outputs bytes percentage.
544 Printf added as module.
546 Touch now creates files. -c option for no create.